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Quantum technologies for beyond 5G and 6G networks: applications, opportunities, and challenges

  • Engin Zeydan
    ,
  • Chamitha De Alwis
    ,
  • Rabia Khan
    ,
  • Yekta Turk
    ,
  • Abdullah Aydeger
    ,
  • Thippa Reddy Gadekallu
  • Centre Tecnolgic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya
    ,
  • Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks Transmission
    ,
  • Aselsan Corporation
    ,
  • Florida Institute of Technology
    ,
  • Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University
    ,
  • University College Dublin
Research Output: Contribution to journal Article Peer-review

Open access

Abstract

As the world prepares for the advent of 6G networks, quantum technologies are becoming critical enablers of the next generation of communication systems. This survey paper investigates the convergence of quantum technologies and 6G networks, focusing on their applications, opportunities and challenges. We begin with an examination of the motivations for integrating quantum technologies into 6G, investigating the potential to overcome the limits of classical computing and cryptography. We then highlight key research gaps, particularly in quantum communication, quantum computing integration and security enhancement. A comprehensive overview of quantum technologies relevant to 6G, including quantum communication devices, quantum computing paradigms, and hybrid quantum-classical approaches is provided. A particular focus is on the role of quantum technologies in enhancing 6G Radio Access Networks (RAN), 6G core and edge network optimization, and 6G security. The survey paper also explores the application of quantum cryptography with a focus on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) and quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms and assesses their implementation challenges and potential impact on 6G networks. We also discuss the significant challenges associated with integrating quantum technologies into existing communications infrastructures, including issues of technological maturity, standardization, and economic considerations. Finally, we summarize the lessons learned from current research and outline future research directions to guide the ongoing development of quantum-enabled 6G networks.

Publication Information

Output type

Research Output: Contribution to journal Article Peer-review

Original language

English

Pages from-to (Number of pages)

Pages 6383-6420 (38 pages)

Journal (Volume, Issue Number)

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society (Volume 6)

Publication milestones

  • Accepted/In press - 16/07/2025
  • Published - 01/08/2025

Publication status

Published - 01/08/2025

External Publication IDs

  • handle.net: 10547/626761
  • Scopus: 105012311427

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