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Gut microbiota and time-restricted feeding/eating: a targeted biomarker and approach in precision nutrition

  • Falak Zeb
    ,
  • Tareq Osaili
    ,
  • Reyad Shakir Obaid
    ,
  • Farah Naja
    ,
  • Hadia Radwan
    ,
  • Leila Cheikh Ismail
  • University of Sharjah
    ,
  • Jordan University of Science and Technology
    ,
  • Bacha Khan University
Research Output: Contribution to journal Review article Peer-review

Open access

Sustainable Development Goals

  • SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
    SDG 3 Good Health and Well

Abstract

Each individual has a unique gut microbiota; therefore, the genes in our microbiome outnumber the genes in our genome by about 150 to 1. Perturbation in host nutritional status influences gut microbiome composition and vice versa. The gut microbiome can help in producing vitamins, hormones, and other active metabolites that support the immune system; harvest energy from food; aid in digestion; protect against pathogens; improve gut transit and function; send signals to the brain and other organs; oscillate the circadian rhythm; and coordinate with the host metabolism through multiple cellular pathways. Gut microbiota can be influenced by host genetics, medications, diet, and lifestyle factors from preterm to aging. Aligning with precision nutrition, identifying a personalized microbiome mandates the provision of the right nutrients at the right time to the right patient. Thus, before prescribing a personalized treatment, it is crucial to monitor and count the gut flora as a focused biomarker. Many nutritional approaches that have been developed help in maintaining and restoring an optimal microbiome such as specific diet therapy, nutrition interventions, and customized eating patterns. One of these approaches is time-restricted feeding/eating (TRF/E), a type of intermittent fasting (IF) in which a subject abstains from food intake for a specific time window. Such a dietary modification might alter and restore the gut microbiome for proper alignment of cellular and molecular pathways throughout the lifespan. In this review, we have highlighted that the gut microbiota would be a targeted biomarker and TRF/E would be a targeted approach for restoring the gut-microbiome-associated molecular pathways such as hormonal signaling, the circadian system, metabolic regulators, neural responses, and immune-inflammatory pathways. Consequently, modulation of the gut microbiota through TRF/E could contribute to proper utilization and availability of the nutrients and in this way confer protection against diseases for harnessing personalized nutrition approaches to improve human health.

Publication Information

Output type

Research Output: Contribution to journal Review article Peer-review

Original language

English

Article number

259

Pages from-to (Number of pages)

Pages 259

Journal (Volume, Issue Number)

Nutrients (Volume 15, Issue 2)

Publication milestones

  • Accepted/In press - 29/12/2022
  • Published - 04/01/2023

Publication status

Published - 04/01/2023

External Publication IDs

  • handle.net: 10547/625633
  • Scopus: 85146712659
  • PubMed: 36678130

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