Exploring stakeholders' perceptions of sustainable tourism development in the Annapurna Conservation Area: Issues and challenge

Utilising an interpretive research paradigm with stakeholders in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), this paper presents the findings of their perceptions and evaluations of sustainable tourism development. This understanding is important for assessing the future use of tourism for sustainable development in the area. Established in 1986, ACA has gained plaudits and awards for its successes in conservation and the enacting of a ‘bottom-up’ philosophy of planning and development. Based upon the collection and analysis of rich and informed data, it was found that although stakeholders shared positive perceptions of the economic benefits of tourism, its continued use for sustainable development is uncertain. Key challenges include 1) a lack of confidence in the economic certainty of tourism and its use for out-migration, 2) a maturing tourism market, and 3) challenges to the local control of natural resources vis-à-vis external hegemonic forces. These factors are testing a philosophy of sustainable development constructed upon conservation, community participation and social equity.