Assessment for and of learning in physical education

This chapter identifies the broad principles and purposes of assessment in physical education. Some researchers categorise these functions under two main headings: formative and summative. The purpose of formative assessment is to provide pupils with guidance as to how they can move on from their current stage of understanding or mastery. The nature of the assessment and the way it is communicated to pupils can have a significant effect on their motivation, particularly when feedback is given publicly. Validity may be increased by using a number of different assessment methods, for example, direct observation, study of video recordings and written work. Effective use of assessment for learning requires good observation skills which give rise to accurate assessment and the provision of effective feedback to pupils. Effective questioning techniques are essential in order to assess pupil knowledge and understanding accurately. Feedback is one of the most effective aspects of assessment for learning when it is focused on learning needs.